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Gaude Mater Polonia
''Gaude Mater Polonia'' (Polish, "Rejoice, oh Mother Poland") was probably the most popular medieval Polish anthem, written in the 13th–14th century in memory of Saint Stanisław Szczepanowski, Bishop of Kraków. Polish knights used to sing it after victory in battle, presumably to one of the Gregorian melodies associated with the Eucharistic hymn, ''O Salutaris Hostia'', on which it is based.
==History==
The anthem came to existence in 1253, along with the canonisation of Stanisław Szczepanowski on 8 September in Assisi; Stanisław died a martyr's death on 11 April 1079.〔(Full Article about Gaude Mater Polonia and its history )〕 The author of the anthem is the first Polish composer in music history known by name, the poet Vincent of Kielcz, OP, a Cracovian canon and chaplain of Bishop Iwo Odrowąż. For a long time he was mistakenly called Vincent of Kielce,〔(About Vincent of Kielcz )〕 and he wrote the hymn to commemorate the canonisation of St Stanisław. It is assumed that the first performance of the piece took place on 8 May 1254, during the canonisation ceremonies in Kraków.〔(University of Southern Carolina article about Polish Anthems )〕
Vincent wrote ''The History of St. Stanislas'' in Latin (''Dies adest celebris''). The poet decided to describe the life and accomplishments of Bishop Stanisław and the miracles which occurred after his death, which people had been speaking of for almost two centuries. The legend says that after the body of St. Stanisław was cut into pieces, the parts miraculously regrouped and formed the whole body again, while eagles circled in the sky. This was an allegory of the current state of Poland in those years: split into pieces but hoping to grow back together to form a country again. The uniting of Poland occurred a couple years after the canonization of St. Stanisław under the rule of King Władysław I the Elbow-high.〔
Within the ''History'', which contained sung elements, the part ''Gaude, Mater Polonia'' was after a time recognised as an independent piece. Throughout the years, it eventually became the royal anthem under the Piast Dynasty.〔(Anthem Creation History )〕 The anthem became a part of Polish tradition and history, being sung during the coronation of the Polish monarch, royal marriages, as well as during celebrations of the 1683 victory of John III Sobieski in Vienna. Kings and military commanders gave thanks for their successes by singing the anthem after battle. The melody has been popular for almost 750 years, in which it has since become a key element of Polish culture. Today it is sung at most universities for the inauguration of the academic year as well as during important national holidays.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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